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nginx/README.md
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nginx/README.md
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# Nginx 部署指南
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## 前置条件
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- 域名已解析到服务器 IP
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- 服务器已安装 Docker、docker-compose、nginx 和 certbot
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## 完整部署流程
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### 0. 配置环境变量
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```bash
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# 复制示例配置
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cp .env.example .env
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# 编辑配置(设置密码和域名)
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vim .env
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```
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`.env` 示例:
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```
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POSTGRES_PASSWORD=your_secure_password
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JWT_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
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BASE_URL=https://notify.example.com
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NEXT_PUBLIC_API_URL=https://notify.example.com
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```
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### 0.1 启动服务
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```bash
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# 使用生产配置启动
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docker-compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d --build
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```
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## 部署步骤
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### 1. 安装 nginx 和 certbot
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```bash
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# Ubuntu/Debian
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y nginx certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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# CentOS/RHEL
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sudo yum install -y nginx certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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```
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### 2. 复制配置文件
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```bash
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# 将配置文件复制到 nginx 配置目录
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sudo cp notify.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/notify.conf
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# 创建软链接启用配置
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/notify.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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# 删除默认配置(可选)
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sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
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```
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### 3. 修改域名
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编辑 `/etc/nginx/sites-available/notify.conf`,将 `notify.example.com` 替换为你的实际域名。
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### 4. 获取 SSL 证书
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**方法一:先用 HTTP 获取证书**
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先注释掉 HTTPS server 块,只保留 HTTP 配置:
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```bash
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sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl reload nginx
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# 获取证书
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sudo certbot certonly --webroot -w /var/www/certbot -d notify.example.com
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```
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然后取消注释 HTTPS 配置并重新加载。
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**方法二:使用 certbot nginx 插件(推荐)**
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```bash
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# 先使用简化的 HTTP 配置
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sudo certbot --nginx -d notify.example.com
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```
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### 5. 测试并启动
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```bash
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# 测试配置
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sudo nginx -t
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# 重新加载配置
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sudo systemctl reload nginx
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# 确保 nginx 开机自启
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sudo systemctl enable nginx
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```
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### 6. 证书自动续期
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Certbot 默认会创建定时任务自动续期,可以测试:
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```bash
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sudo certbot renew --dry-run
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```
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## 端口说明
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| 服务 | 内部端口 | 说明 |
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|------|---------|------|
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| frontend | 3000 | Next.js 前端 |
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| backend | 4000 | Rust API 服务 |
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| postgres | 5432 | 数据库(不对外暴露) |
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## 防火墙配置
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```bash
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# Ubuntu (ufw)
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sudo ufw allow 80/tcp
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sudo ufw allow 443/tcp
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# CentOS (firewalld)
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sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
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sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
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sudo firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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## 故障排查
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```bash
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# 查看 nginx 错误日志
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sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
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# 查看 nginx 访问日志
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sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
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# 检查服务状态
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docker-compose ps
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sudo systemctl status nginx
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```
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81
nginx/notify.conf
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81
nginx/notify.conf
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# HTTP -> HTTPS 重定向
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name notify.example.com; # 替换为你的域名
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# Let's Encrypt 证书验证
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location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
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root /var/www/certbot;
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}
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location / {
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return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
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}
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}
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# HTTPS 主配置
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server {
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listen 443 ssl http2;
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server_name notify.example.com; # 替换为你的域名
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# SSL 证书配置(Let's Encrypt)
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ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/notify.example.com/fullchain.pem;
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ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/notify.example.com/privkey.pem;
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# SSL 安全配置
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ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
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ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
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ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
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ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
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ssl_session_timeout 1d;
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# 安全头
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add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
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add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
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add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
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# 请求体大小限制(用于文件上传)
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client_max_body_size 10M;
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# API 请求代理到 backend (4000)
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location /api/ {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000/api/;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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# WebSocket 支持(如果需要)
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
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}
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# 上传文件代理到 backend
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location /uploads/ {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000/uploads/;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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# 缓存静态文件
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proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;
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expires 1d;
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}
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# 其他请求代理到 frontend (3000)
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location / {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3000;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
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# Next.js HMR 支持(开发环境)
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proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
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proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
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}
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}
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